After we have seen a brief introduction into the Panchayati-Raj-Institution(PRI), lets see some important facts and figure you should have which will be helpful for your Examination. Why PRIs have given so much important now a days, is because nearly 70% of total Area is Rural and majority of population lives there. India is facing problems like acute poverty, lack of infrastructure, malnourished populace, leakage in welfare schemes etc. In order plug these loopholes, the role of PRIs are very much important. As top-down approach experiment during the Five year plans yielded no results or unsatisfactory results, PRIs now facilitate to approach our developmental work(planning and implementation) bottom up approach.
Now, lets see some facts and figures on PRIs:
1. Constitution of India has provision of PRI in its Article 40 of DPSP and make Local Self Government a part of State Subject.
2. Right After 1947, the first Committee on PRIs was Balwant Rai Mehta Committee in 1959 which suggested three-tier Panchayati Raj System for the first time. It recommended for Democratic Decentralization.
3. First state to adopt Panchayati Raj System as per the recommendation of Balwant Rai Mehta Committe was Rajasthan in 1959, Nagaur District. Then Andhra Pradesh followed the suit.
4. Following are the list of committees formed thereafter to reform and revitalized Panchayati Raj System(After Balwant Rai Mehta Committee):
a) V.T. Krishnammachari 1960
b) Takhatmal Jain Study Group 1966
c) Ashok Mehta Committee 1978
d) G.V.K. Rao Committee 1985
e) Dr. L.M. Singhvi Committee 1986
f) P.K. Thungon Committee 1989
g) S. Mohinder Singh 2013
5. In 1993, on 24 April with the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act 1992, PRI got a constitutional status added articles from article 243 to 243(O) and 11th Schedule under Part IX.
6. Provision for Extension of Panchxayati Raj to Schedule Areas(PESA) Act was enacted in 1996 thereby extending Panchayats in Tribal Areas of 5th Schedule States of Constitution of India.
7. State Finance Commission and State Election Commission were established in all the states which have PRIs.
8. 1/3rd of the seats were reserved for SC/ST population and Women.
9. Three tier Panchayati Raj System for every state and all villages. But the states having population less then 2 Million, don't need the intermediate level where as the village and District levels are established.
10. 5 years of tenure is guaranteed but in case of dissolution, a fresh election has to be conducted the State Election Commission.
11. Minimum age for qualification is 21 years( while it is 25 years for MLAs and MPs).
12. State Finance Commission is constituted for every 5 years by the Governor to review and recommend on financial position of the PRIs :
a) Recommendation on distribution of taxes, duties and tolls etc levied by the state and to be distributed between the panchayates.
b) Allocation of proceeds between various tiers.
c) Tax, tolls, fees assigned to the Panchayats.
d) Grant-in-aid.
The report has to be laid on the legislative assemblies.
13. 29 subjects were listed in 11th Schedule and required the State to enact laws to endow powers and Authority to these institutions. Eg., Agriculture, land reforms and improvement, minor irrigation and watershed management, Animal husbandry, Fisheries, Minor forest produces, poverty alleviation, Education up-to secondary Education, family welfare etc are some of the subjects included in the schedule
14.State Government can make provision for Audits of account of the Panchayats.
15. Courts cannot interfere in matters of delimitation of constituencies, allocation of seats . And No election to panchayat can be questioned except by an election petition to such authority established or empowered by the state law.
So, these are some of the facts you must understand to get the whole picture of the basic bedrock of development administration of the country.
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